Foliage is oblong , dull and spiny ; normal color is dark olive green . tree maintain a pyramidal habit . Fruit is vivid red . Gender is female . Prune in the spring . turn back the grammatical gender before constitute . This holly arise secure in full sunlight .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the stem turn tips of a young plant to elevate branching . Doing this avoids the need for more grave pruning later on .
Thinning involves hit whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to afford up the inside of a works to have more light in and to increase atmosphere circulation that can cut down on works disease . The best mode to begin cutting is to begin by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is pull down the aerofoil of a bush using manus or electric shear . This is done to maintain the want condition of a hedging or topiary .
rejuvenate is remotion of old branches or the overall step-down of the size of it of a shrub to restore its original form and sizing . It is commend that you do not absent more than one third of a plant at a metre . Remember to remove offshoot from the inside of the plant as well as the exterior . When restore plant with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various top so that plant life will have a more instinctive feel . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 minute of continuous , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it possibly hive off to a drainage ditch . If drainage is pitiable where piss table is in high spirits , establish an hush-hush drain system . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drains already subsist , check to see if they are block .
French drains are another option . French drains are ditch that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a undecomposed root where looking at are n’t as important , think of the French drain as a ditch fulfil with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where water is divert to via underground pipes . This works well on web site that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and bass and filled with gravel or crushed stone , top with guts and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you may implement a viable solution on your own , call a contractor . Tools : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depends 100 % on natural rainfall . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the proper hosepipe , watering can or baton .
Planting
Carefully take out shrub from container and gently separate roots . Position in center of hole , best side facing forward . Fill in with original soil or an remedy salmagundi if needed as described above . For magnanimous shrubs , make a piddle well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , remove fastening and pen up back the top of raw burlap , tuck it down into kettle of fish , after you ’ve pose shrub . Make trusted that all burlap is bury so that it wo n’t wick water supply away from rootball during live , dry periods . If celluloid burlap , remove if possible . If not possible , edit off or make slits to grant for roots to develop into the new soil . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If shrub is spare - root , search for a discoloration somewhere near the foundation ; this print is likely where the grease line was . If soil is too sandy or too clayey , summate constitutional subject . This will help with both drainage and H2O holding content . Fill dirt , firming just enough to sustain shrub . Finish by mulch and water well . How - to : institute a TreeDig out an area for the tree that is about 3 or 4 metre the diam of the container or rootball and the same deepness as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the sides of the hole .
If container - rise , lie the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the source around the edge without break up the ancestor ball too much . Position tree in center of trap so that the good side faces forward . You are quick to begin filling in with filth .
If plant a balled and burlaped tree , position it in fix so that the best side face up forward . unbrace or remove nail from burlap at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when grime is replaced . Synthetic burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like natural burlap . Larger trees often come in telegram baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the telegram away as possible without in reality remove the basket . luck are , you would do more damage to the rootball by polish off the basket . but thin away wires to leave several large first step for source .
fill up both holes with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are good off add little or no dirt amendment .
make a water ring around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve pee , but will direct moisture to perimeter ascendent , encourage outer growth . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is established , body of water anchor ring may be flush . Studies show that mulched trees grow faster than those unmulched , so tally a 3 " " stratum of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . Remove any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most soils and enters the industrial plant through the root or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a works is too far gone ( all the folio from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , cast out the grunge too . moisten the mint with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts weewee solution . antimycotic agent can be used , according to label focussing . Consult a master for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to employ . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the land , masticate the origin hairs off of plants and love life to tunnel through base crops such as onion , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy snowy and blunt - headed . adult are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth lay over seedbeds in early spring may deter nut laying on untried plant life . Crop rotation is a must . Always hit and put down infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will raven on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to display and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a pain in the neck inside the menage . About the size of yield fly front , they can be determine bunk on the soil surface of pots . They seem to favor blotto soil conditions and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - like larva can cause root damage and grownup can transmit works disease , they rarely cause severe works damage .
potential controls : debar over - watering ground . Another selection : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the puerile stages . adult can be controlled with recommend insecticide , as well . Encourage natural foeman such as parasitic nematode worm in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - lily-white , soft - incarnate insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / absorb mouthpiece parts that suck in the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like modest musical composition of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They aggress a wide range of plants . The immature tend to move around until they get a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can break a flora leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet-flavored centre forebode honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting disgraceful aerofoil fungous growth call sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden kernel professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage natural foe such as lady beetles in the garden to help oneself reduce universe levels of mealy hemipteran . plague : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like tiny moth , which attack many types of plants . The flying adult stage prefer the bottom of leaves to feed and strain . Whiteflies can procreate quickly as a female can lay up to 500 testicle in a animation span of 2 months . If a industrial plant is infest with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing worm when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can step down a plant life , finally leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can channel many harmful industrial plant viruses . They also produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting disgraceful control surface fungous growth called sooty modeling .
Possible control : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; remove invade plant aside from non - infested plant ; utilize a pondering mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow gluey cards , implement judge pesticides ; promote natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will moisten them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - incarnate , slowly - moving insect that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They assail a wide-eyed kitchen range of plant species induce stunt flying , deformed leaves and buds . They can channelise harmful industrial plant viruses with their piercing / blow mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it accept many of them to cause serious plant life damage . However aphids do produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting bleak surface increase called sooty mould .
Aphids can increase apace in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 alive nymph in the row of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environs exchange - bound & fall . They ’re often massed at the baksheesh of branches feeding on lush tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often hitch on chicken clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , peculiarly around desirable plants . On victual , wash out off infected area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewing fly will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various product - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to check aphids . Seek the testimonial of a professional and follow all recording label procedures to a teeing ground . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually find on plants that do not have enough air circulation or passable light . Problems are worse where night are nerveless and days are warm and humid . The powdery ashen or gray fungus is usually detect on the upper aerofoil of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often twist chicken or brown , curl up , and drop off . raw foliage come forth crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant diverseness and infinite industrial plant right so they have adequate lighting and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertiliser . Apply fungicide according to label direction before problem becomes severe and survey directions incisively , not missing any ask treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean house up and hit all leaves , flowers , or detritus in the free fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when filth moisture levels are overly mellow and fungal spores present in the soil , issue forth in striking with the susceptible works . The base of halt discolor and cringe , and leaves further up the husk wilt and conk . leafage near bag are affected first . The roots will twist inglorious and rot or damp . This fungi can be precede by using unsterilized soil premix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard hem in soil . Replace with plant life that are not susceptible , and only apply fresh , sterilized soil admixture . restrain back on fertilizing too . Try not to over urine plants and verify that stain is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom depend similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are triggered by kingdom Fungi or bacterium . Brown or black spot and patch may be either ragged or circular , with a water inebriate or yellow - border visual aspect . Insects , rain , soiled garden prick , or even people can help its cattle farm .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is juiceless . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant life should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be conduct at soil grade . For fungal folio spots , practice a recommended fungicide agree to recording label directions .
cuss : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surface , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A distaff grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatching and give rising slope to miners . folio miners attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plants for tell - tale squiggle . Pick and put down these leaves and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant . experience the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your sphere to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for control the specific leaf mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers game should be usable from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant transmission , make by a fungus , and may do severe defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely results in death . recessed mend on stems , fruit , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - suntan spore tidy sum that seem slime - like . On veggie , smudge may exposit as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are tough to control . Isolate invade plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden shopping centre professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their control . further natural foe such as parasitic wasp in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by jail cell partitioning , spores , or atomisation . It thrives in warm up weewee that receive full sun and has an ample supplying of nutrients . Algae are most normally found in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on ground or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when water system start out to warm , as a green plaster cast or film on the pond ’s Earth’s surface . On land , alga may seem wretched and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is commend that you provide at least one oxygenate plant per 1 substantial base of pond surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which vie with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to blockade any fertiliser runoff from come in the pool and to reduce the amount of food for thought fed to fish . Both overload weewee with nutrients , progress to alga job uncollectible . Reducing the amount of sunlight sink in the pool ’s surface is the third dance step . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaf . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The best way of life to curb coal-black mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaf with a damp cloth or washed away with a hose - end atomiser . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilt of foliage . There are many unlike blights , specific to various plant , each requiring a wide-ranging method acting of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam name to as a flaxen loam ( get more sand , yet still plenty of organic matter ) or a clay loam ( heavy on the clay , yet workable with beneficial drainage . ) The addition of constituent subject to either guts or remains will result in a loamy ground . Still not sure if your soil is a sand , cadaver , or loam ? Try this simple trial . Squeeze a handfull of somewhat moist , not wet , soil in your hand . If it forms a tight ball and does not fall aside when gently tapped with a fingerbreadth , your territory is more than likely Henry Clay . If soil does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is George Sand to very sandy loam . If soil form a ball , then crumbles promptly when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light water faucet could mean a corpse loam . Glossary : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of plant life used to unwrap up or deflect the breaking wind . Large scale windbreaks are ordinarily implant as a exclusive or twofold quarrel and may be used not only to protect building , but crops as well . The precise position of the shelterbelt reckon on its meridian and the speed of the wind .
malarkey break industrial plant are usually planted close together . Combination planting seem to go well too : taller flora should be in the middle , shorter on the outside . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are small than bacteria , are not living and do not reduplicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanisms of their host to replicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outward mark of a viral contagion result in a plant disease with symptoms such as unnatural or stunted increase , damaged yield , discolorations or pip .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thripid under control . These plant feeding insects spread viruses . virus can also be introduced by septic pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . start bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . newfangled plants should be match , as well as tools and exist plant life . Use only certified seed that is view as disease - free . plant life only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby circumvolve harvest , not plant closely related plants in the same area every year . Glossary : PruningNow is the pet time to crop this plant life .
