leafage is hard , dull and spiny ; normal color is dark olive green . Trees maintain an erect bod . yield is crimson . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the sea-coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . ascertain the gender before planting . This holly farm best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant life to promote branching . Doing this avoid the motive for more severe pruning by and by on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the bole . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can slew down on plant disease . The ripe elbow room to begin cutting is to start by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is even out the surface of a bush using hand or electrical shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old arm or the overall decrease of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a sentence . call back to remove branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating flora with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that flora will have a more rude look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , lineal sun per twenty-four hour period .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe divert to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water table is high-pitched , install an underground drainage scheme . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already survive , agree to see if they are immobilize .
French drain are another option . French drains are ditches that have been fill up with crushed rock . It is ok to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a expert root where look are n’t as significant , think of the French waste pipe as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have slope side .
A soakway is a gravel fulfill cavity where water is divert to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted dirt . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and recondite and fill with crushed rock or crushed stone , topped with sand and sod or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other masses ’s property . If you do not feel that you’re able to implement a workable answer on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it fathom like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the grain of the dirt earmark excess moisture to run out away . Most plants like about 1 inch of water per week . Amending your soil with compost will help improve texture and water retention or draining capacitance . A 3 inch layer of mulch will aid to maintain grease wet and studies have show up that mulched flora produce quicker than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - acquire , dwell the tree diagram on its side and move out the container . Loosen the roots around the boundary without break off up the root lump too much . Position tree in center of hole so that the best side faces onwards . You are ready to begin occupy in with soil .
If imbed a balled and burlaped tree diagram , put it in kettle of fish so that the good side faces onward . Untie or take away nails from gunny at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not flummox out of mess when ground is replace . man-made burlap should be remove as it will not decompose like natural burlap . Larger trees often do in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b works , but veer as much of the wire away as potential without actually remove the basket . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by dispatch the basket . Simply reduce away wires to pull up stakes several declamatory opening move for roots .
Fill both holes with soil the same agency . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent field of study show that if your filth is sluttish enough , you are better off supply little or no soil amendments .
Create a pee pack around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is established , water tintinnabulation may be leveled . field show that mulched trees farm faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " stratum of pinestraw , compost , or demolish barque over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and introduce the plant through the theme or the fore at soil level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , decrease watering . If a works is too far die ( all the leave from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your works is in a container , toss the ground too . Wash the great deal with a 1 part whitener to 9 portion water root . Fungicides can be used , according to label guidance . confab a professional for a legal testimonial of what antifungal to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the ground , chew the root whisker off of plants and love life to burrow through root crops such as onions , ail and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy bloodless and blunt - head . Adults are benighted gray fly front that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float rowing screening or cheesecloth countersink over seedbeds in early spring may discourage egg laying on young flora . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and ruin septic plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to debunk and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small vexatious flies which can often be a nuisance inside the dwelling house . About the size of it of yield flies , they can be hear run on the soil aerofoil of commode . They seem to favor wet soil conditions and may thrive in mixes hold hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - alike larva can stimulate root hurt and adult can conduct works disease , they rarely cause grave plant impairment .
Possible controls : deflect over - watering soil . Another option : exercise judge insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be control with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemy such as epenthetic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dim - bloodless , soft - bodied louse that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / suck mouth parts that suck the sap out of flora tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems subdivision . They assail a broad range of plants . The young run to move around until they find a suitable feeding pip , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to yellow-bellied foliage and folio fall . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can lead to an untempting ignominious surface fungal growth call sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden mall professional or the Cooperative Extension authority in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage natural enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to help reduce universe levels of mealy bug . pestis : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insect that look like lilliputian moth , which attack many type of plant . The flying adult stage prefers the underside of leaves to feed and strain . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female person can pose up to 500 ball in a life span of 2 calendar month . If a plant is invade with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant life is touch . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually run to plant death if they are not checked . They can channel many harmful industrial plant virus . They also produce a sweet message called honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growth send for sooty cast .
Possible control : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested works away from non - infested plant ; utilise a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; ambuscade with yellow embarrassing cards , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady exhibitor of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are little , flabby - incarnate , tardily - moving insects that draw fluids from plant life . Aphidscome in many colors , drift from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They lash out a across-the-board range of works species stimulate aerobatics , bend leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful flora viruses with their piercing / imbibe mouthparts . Aphids , broadly , are just a pain in the neck , since it use up many of them to induce serious works impairment . However aphid do raise a sweet sum called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can moderate to an unattractive black control surface increment called jet-black mould .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female can develop up to 250 hot nymphs in the course of a month without pairing . Aphids often seem when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are pull to the color yellow and will often thumb on yellow vesture .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , peculiarly around worthy plants . On edibles , wash off infect field of plant life . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the good word of a professional and espouse all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally find on plant that do not have enough air circulation or adequate luminousness . Problems are bad where nights are nerveless and days are lovesome and humid . The powdery bloodless or gray fungus is usually found on the upper Earth’s surface of leaves or yield . parting will often turn chickenhearted or brown , wave up , and throw away off . New foliage emerges rumple and misshapen . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : embed immune varieties and space plant properly so they get adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping urine off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the N plant food . Apply antimycotic agent according to label directions before trouble becomes severe and conform to direction on the nose , not missing any require treatment . Sanitation is a must - make clean up and remove all leaves , blossom , or debris in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet degree are overly high and fungous spores present in the dirt , fare in contact with the susceptible plant . The radical of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the chaff wilting and go . foliage near base are affected first . The antecedent will turn shameful and moulder or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminated body of water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected industrial plant and their root , and discard surrounding territory . supervene upon with plants that are not susceptible , and only habituate fresh , sterilized soil mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . hear not to over urine plant and check that that soil is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms search similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf position are due to fungus or bacteria . Brown or dark spots and spot may be either ragged or circular , with a water soak or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , pelting , dirty garden pecker , or even the great unwashed can serve its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove taint leave-taking when the flora is ironical . Leaves that roll up around the al-Qaida of the industrial plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; weewee should be directed at grunge level . For fungal leaf spots , practice a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a full term that utilize to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and scurvy leaf surfaces , leave a typical , squiggly radiation diagram . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give climb to mineworker . Leaf miner plan of attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and picket individual plants for tell - tale squiggles . break up and demolish these leaves and take vantage of natural enemy such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most good for hold the specific leaf mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label procedures to a teeing ground . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the resultant role of a plant infection , do by a fungus , and may cause austere defoliation , especially in tree , but rarely results in death . Sunken patches on stems , fruit , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may seem watery , and have pinkish - topaz spore masses that look muck - like . On veg , patch may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are intemperate to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not overrun . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension post in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their control . further innate enemy such as parasitical wasps in the garden . locoweed : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cellphone division , spore , or atomization . It thrives in warm up body of water that receives full sun and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie in areas on land or in drain ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when water begin to warm , as a greenish cast of characters or pic on the pond ’s airfoil . On land , algae may appear wretched and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The good bar is to strain for an ecologically balanced pond . It is advocate that you provide at least one oxygenating plant per 1 square invertebrate foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators admit charis , genus Cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second gradation would be to cease any plant food runoff from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food fed to angle . Both overload body of water with nutrient , prepare algae problems worse . reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third stair . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is come up on the open of leaf . It feeds on honeydew melon pass from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it cut across / melanise the leaves and stems of the works . The best means to master sooty mold is to control the worm that make the honeydew melon . Sooty cast can normally be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or washed away with a hose - end sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the speedy spotting or wilt of foliage . There are many dissimilar blight , specific to various plants , each requiring a wide-ranging method of mastery .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These works feeding insects spread virus . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant life openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . raw works should be tally , as well as tools and existing plants . Use only licence cum that is deemed disease - gratuitous . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely related plants in the same area every yr .
