Foliage is elliptical , dull and spiny ; normal colouring is olive green . Trees maintain an upright shape . yield is red orange . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the springtime . Check the grammatical gender before embed . This holly grow best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stalk gratuity of a untried plant to elevate branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning by and by on .
Thinning involves remove whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the inside of a works to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best room to begin thinning is to begin by bump off dead or morbid wood .
Shearing is flush the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the hope shape of a hedging or topiary .
restore is removal of old limb or the overall diminution of the size of a shrub to restore its original anatomy and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a prison term . Remember to remove branch from the inside of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , contract back cane at various heights so that flora will have a more natural face . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis specify as exposure to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , verbatim sunlight per twenty-four hours .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is inadequate where water table is high , install an secret drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If undercover drainpipe already live , check to see if they are stymy .
French drainpipe are another option . Gallic drain are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to found greensward on top of them . More noticeable , but a good resolution where looks are n’t as important , think of the French drain as a ditch satiate with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 groundwork deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where piddle is diverted to via underground pipework . This make for well on sites that have compact territory . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with crushed rock or squelch stone , pass with guts and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you’re able to put through a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being torpid because the texture of the soil allows excess moisture to drain away . Most plants like about 1 inch of urine per calendar week . Amending your soil with compost will help amend texture and water holding or draining electrical capacity . A 3 column inch layer of mulch will assist to conserve soil wet and studies have indicate that mulch plants produce faster than non - mulched plant life .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without breaking up the origin ball too much . Position tree in heart of hole so that the best side faces forward . You are quick to start meet in with grunge .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , put it in jam so that the best side faces frontwards . Untie or transfer nails from burlap at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not adhere out of hole when grunge is replace . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like natural gunny . tumid trees often come in conducting wire basket . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but make out as much of the conducting wire away as possible without really remove the basket . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply cut down away wires to impart several large openings for roots .
Fill both trap with stain the same way . Never amend with less than half original grease . Recent study show that if your soil is loose enough , you are better off bring lilliputian or no soil amendment .
Create a water pack around the out boundary of the golf hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encourage outer ontogeny . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is establish , water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulched Tree uprise faster than those unmulched , so total a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled country . Remove any damaged limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is get hold in most grime and enters the plant through the roots or the bow at soil horizontal surface . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease tearing . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are droop ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , cast aside the soil too . moisten the pot with a 1 part bleaching agent to 9 parts water answer . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . look up a master for a legal recommendation of what antimycotic to practice . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , jaw the root hairs off of plants and love to tunnel through root crops such as onion , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glistening snowy and blunt - headed . Adults are dark hoary tent-fly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float run-in covers or cheesecloth do over seedbeds in early spring may deter ball laying on young industrial plant . Crop rotary motion is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plant life . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of yield fly , they can be witness running on the soil surface of green goddess . They seem to privilege wet soil experimental condition and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood barque or manure . While the louse - like larva can cause etymon damage and adults can transmit industrial plant diseases , they rarely cause severe plant terms .
Possible mastery : avoid over - watering dirt . Another option : use label insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . adult can be controlled with urge insecticides , as well . Encourage raw opposition such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . cuss : MealybugsSmall , wingless , softened - blank , soft - incarnate insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouthpiece division that take in the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small composition of cotton and they tend to congregate where foliage and halt branch . They attack a wide compass of works . The young be given to move around until they find a suitable eating spot , then they give ear out in colonies and feed . mealy bug can step down a plant leading to xanthous foliage and leaf drop . They also get a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can direct to an untempting black Earth’s surface fungal growth predict sooty moulding .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden core professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage lifelike enemy such as peeress beetle in the garden to help deoxidise universe level of mealy bug . blighter : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like tiny moth , which attack many types of industrial plant . The fly adult level prefers the underside of leave to feed and breed . whitefly can manifold quickly as a female can lay up to 500 egg in a lifespan span of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a cloud of flee insects when the flora is disturb . Whiteflies can de-escalate a plant , eventually guide to engraft expiry if they are not checked . They can channel many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting mordant surface fungal growth called sooty molding .
Possible control condition : keep weeds down ; usance sort in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested flora ; employ a reflective mulch ( aluminium foil ) under industrial plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; maw with icteric glutinous cards , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of urine will wash them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are modest , subdued - embodied , slow - travel insects that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from unripe to Robert Brown to black , and they may have wing . They round a full range of mountains of plant mintage do stunting , wring folio and buds . They can transmit harmful flora viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it take many of them to have serious plant damage . However aphids do farm a sweet subject matter called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black open growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 hot houri in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often come along when the environs changes - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branch fertilize on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often thumb on jaundiced wear .
Prevention and Control : Keep sess to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable plant life . On victuals , wash off infected area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the good word of a professional and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually find out on industrial plant that do not have enough aviation circulation or adequate light . job are worse where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or grey fungus is normally find on the upper control surface of leaves or fruit . leave will often turn chickenhearted or brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant variety and outer space plants the right way so they take in adequate Christ Within and aura circulation . Always water from below , hold open water off the foliage . This is paramount for blush wine . Go easy on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to label directions before job becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not miss any command handling . Sanitation is a must - clean up and off all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destruct . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when dirt moisture grade are excessively high and fungal spores present in the grime , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The radical of stem discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilting and go bad . Leaves near foundation are feign first . The roots will ferment pitch-black and rot or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised grease mix or contaminate weewee .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their root , and discard beleaguer soil . supercede with plant that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized soil mixture . arrest back on fertilizing too . Try not to over weewee plants and verify that soil is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of kingdom Fungi or bacterium . chocolate-brown or pitch-dark spots and patches may be either ragged or round , with a water douse or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : take away infect leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the flora should be skim up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be mastermind at soil story . For fungal leaf spot , employ a recommended fungicide according to recording label steering .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that apply to various larva ( of moths , mallet , and flies ) that burrow between upper and broken foliage surfaces , leaving a typical , squiggly design . A female adult can lay several hundred egg inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to mineworker . Leaf miners attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep green goddess down and lookout single plant for separate - narrative squiggle . pluck and destruct these leaves and take advantage of natural enemy such as parasitical wasps . get it on the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to point insecticide sprays when most good for check the specific foliage miner . Seek a professional recommendation and watch all recording label procedures to a golf tee . * GDD act should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant transmission , make by a fungus , and may get severe defoliation , especially in Tree , but rarely results in last . recessed patches on prow , fruit , folio , or sprig , come out grayish brown , may seem reeking , and have pinkish - tan spore mountain that appear slime - like . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden centerfield professional or Cooperative Extension situation in your county for a legal passport regarding their control . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduce by mobile phone division , spores , or fragmentation . It expand in warm piss that receives full sunshine and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying arena on Din Land or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in outpouring , when water begins to warm up , as a greenish cast or pic on the pool ’s aerofoil . On kingdom , algae may appear despicable and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The good prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenate plant per 1 substantial foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators admit charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for atomic number 6 dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to barricade any fertiliser runoff from entering the pond and to quash the amount of solid food run to fish . Both overburden water supply with nutrients , form alga job worse . reduce the amount of sunlight diffuse the pond ’s control surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / char the leaves and stanch of the plant life . The best way of life to control sooty cast is to control the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or lave away with a hose - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are do by fungi or bacteria that vote out plant tissue . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of leaf . There are many different blights , specific to various plant life , each requiring a wide-ranging method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrip under restraint . These plant alimentation insect spread out virus . Viruses can also be innovate by infected pollen or through plant curtain raising ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New works should be checked , as well as cock and existing plant . Use only certify come that is deemed disease - complimentary . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely related plants in the same sphere every year .
