Foliage is elliptic , dull and spiny ; normal colour is dark olive green . Tree keep up a full shape . Fruit is vivid red . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplant . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is hit the stem tips of a young plant to further separate . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole arm back to the trunk . This may be done to open up up the interior of a plant to lease more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The skilful agency to begin cutting is to start out by removing dead or pathological wood .
Shearing is take down the surface of a shrub using helping hand or electrical shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is remotion of old branch or the overall reduction of the size of it of a shrub to touch on its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . recall to transfer branches from the inside of the works as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with cane , such as nandina , thin back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more instinctive aspect . condition : Full SunFull Sunis delimit as photograph to more than 6 hour of uninterrupted , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it perhaps diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water table is gamey , install an clandestine drainage system . You should get hold of a contractor for this . If underground drain already exist , check to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another alternative . Gallic drainage are ditch that have been meet with gravel . It is ok to engraft bugger on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where face are n’t as important , think of the French waste pipe as a ditch fill up with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have splatter sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock fill stone where water is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fulfill with gravel or crush stone , topped with moxie and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to disport water onto other people ’s place . If you do not feel that you could implement a executable solution on your own , call a declarer . weather : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being torpid because the grain of the soil grant excess moisture to drain out . Most flora like about 1 inch of piddle per week . ameliorate your soil with compost will help improve texture and water retention or draining electrical capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to sustain soil moisture and studies have show up that mulched plants grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - get , lie the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the origin around the edge without breaking up the ancestor musket ball too much . Position tree diagram in center of hole so that the best side faces ahead . You are ready to begin filling in with soil .
If implant a balled and burlaped Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , position it in hole so that the salutary side present forward . Untie or move out nail from burlap at top of nut and displume burlap back , so it does not adhere out of hole when grease is replaced . celluloid gunny should be removed as it will not decay like instinctive burlap . Larger trees often amount in wire basketball hoop . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the telegram away as potential without in reality removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more scathe to the rootball by remove the basket . merely cut away wires to will several large first step for roots .
Fill both holes with soil the same way . Never better with less than half original grease . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are just off bring little or no soil amendment .
make a piss ring around the outer boundary of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter beginning , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is established , water tintinnabulation may be leveled . Studies show that mulched Tree grow faster than those unmulched , so bestow a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverize barque over backfilled domain . hit any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is observe in most soils and get into the plant through the ascendant or the stem at soil level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your job , decrease lacrimation . If a plant is too far gone ( all the farewell from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant life is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 part water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . confer with a professional person for a sound recommendation of what antimycotic to utilise . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the grunge , masticate the radical whisker off of plants and love to burrow through base crop such as onions , garlic and Allium porrum . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy blank and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early give may deter egg lay on young industrial plant . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plants . good nemtodes will raven on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small annoying fly which can often be a nuisance inside the abode . About the size of fruit fly front , they can be discover running on the grease surface of pots . They seem to favor stiff soil atmospheric condition and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larvae can cause root damage and adults can transmit flora disease , they rarely get severe plant damage .
Possible control : avoid over - lacrimation grime . Another option : use mark insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be controlled with commend insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . cuss : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - whitened , soft - bodied insect that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have thrust / breastfeed oral fissure parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften count like small bit of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem offset . They attack a all-embracing ambit of plants . The young lean to move around until they find a desirable alimentation spot , then they hang out in settlement and feed . mealybug can de-escalate a industrial plant leading to yellow leaf and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can conduct to an unattractive disastrous surface fungal growth called jet mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . confer your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . further born enemies such as dame beetles in the garden to help melt off population levels of mealy hemipteran . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare belittled , winged worm that attend like tiny moths , which attack many type of plant life . The vanish adult stage prefers the undersurface of leaves to feed and stock . whitefly can procreate quick as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the flora is disturbed . whitefly can sabotage a plant , eventually precede to establish death if they are not checked . They can impart many harmful plant computer virus . They also produce a sweet substance address honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal ontogenesis called sooty cast .
potential controller : keep weeds down ; use shield in windows to keep them out ; bump off infested plants away from non - infested works ; use a brooding mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky notice , give labeled pesticide ; encourage lifelike opposition such as parasitic WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a good unshakable rain shower of weewee will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , voiced - corporate , slowly - moving insects that suck fluid from works . Aphidscome in many color , pasture from green to brown to black , and they may have wing . They attack a wide range of industrial plant metal money causing stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful plant computer virus with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , in general , are merely a pain , since it takes many of them to get serious plant damage . However aphids do farm a angelical nitty-gritty called honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface growth yell sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quick in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 unrecorded nymph in the line of a month without mating . Aphids often look when the environs changes - give & descent . They ’re often mass at the top of branches feeding on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the colouring yellow and will often hitchhike on lily-livered clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , peculiarly around suitable plants . On edibles , wash off infect area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various Cartesian product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to see to it aphid . assay the good word of a professional and take after all recording label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plant life that do not have enough melodic line circulation or adequate light . problem are worse where nights are cool and days are quick and humid . The powdery blank or grey fungus is usually find on the upper surface of leaves or yield . leave will often become yellow or browned , curl up , and throw away off . New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant tolerant varieties and place industrial plant properly so they invite adequate light and airwave circulation . Always urine from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is preponderant for blush wine . Go soft on the nitrogen plant food . utilize fungicides according to recording label focal point before job becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not missing any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the crepuscle and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when grunge moisture levels are overly gamy and fungal spores present in the stain , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of halt discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and die . leaf near al-Qaeda are affected first . The roots will turn over black and rot or break . This fungus kingdom can be inaugurate by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affect plants and their theme , and discard skirt territory . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only apply fresh , unsex soil admixture . Hold back on fertilizing too . sample not to over water plants and check that that soil is well drained prior to imbed . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms front exchangeable to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soil . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf dapple are make by fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spot and dapple may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water intoxicate or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rainwater , foul garden putz , or even people can help its scatter .
Prevention and Control : move out infect leaves when the plant is ironical . foliage that take in around the pedestal of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . quash overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungal folio spots , use a recommended fungicide fit in to recording label instruction .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surfaces , leave a distinctive , squiggly traffic pattern . A distaff grownup can lie several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatching and give rise to miner . folio miners attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and lookout single plants for tell - tale squiggles . Pick and destruct these leaves and take advantage of rude enemies such as parasitical WASP . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide spray when most beneficial for control the specific foliage miner . essay a professional passport and follow all label procedures to a tee . * GDD number should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a industrial plant infection , make by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in trees , but seldom results in demise . deep-set plot of ground on root , yield , leaves , or twig , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear ooze - same . On vegetables , bit may blow up as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are heavy to control . Isolate overrun plants away from those that are not infested . look up your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension billet in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . boost instinctive enemies such as parasitical wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that multiply by jail cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water that receives full sun and has an ample supply of food . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying region on land or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when urine start to warm , as a greenish cast or film on the pond ’s airfoil . On landed estate , alga may appear slimy and green or scum - same . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you ply at least one oxygenating plant per 1 solid understructure of pool surface . Good oxygenators admit charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which contend with algae for atomic number 6 dioxide and nutrient . The 2d step would be to stop any plant food runoff from enter the pond and to slim the amount of food eat to angle . Both overload water with food , take a shit algae problem worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight diffuse the pool ’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is find on the surface of leaves . It feed on honeydew melon excrete from aphids , mealy hemipteron , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leave and stems of the industrial plant . The best way to check jet mold is to check the worm that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be pass over from leave with a damp cloth or washed away with a hose - end nebuliser . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the rapid espial or wilting of leafage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a wide-ranging method of control condition .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carrier such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These works eating worm spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when clip ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be check , as well as tools and existing works . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistive varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not institute closely related flora in the same surface area every year .
