foliation is ellipse , dull and spiny ; normal color is dark olive green . Trees maintain an erect shape . Fruit is reddened . Gender is manly . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly grows good in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to advertize branching . Doing this avert the need for more austere pruning afterward on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to lease more light in and to increase air circulation that can geld down on works disease . The best way to begin thinning is to set about by take away dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is even the Earth’s surface of a bush using hand or electric shears . This is done to asseverate the desired figure of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of older branches or the overall step-down of the size of a bush to restore its original form and size of it . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a prison term . recall to remove branch from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various acme so that plant life will have a more rude look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis delineate as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sunlight per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is inadequate where water table is high , install an undercover drain organization . You should contact a contractor for this . If undercover drains already exist , check to see if they are block .
French drains are another option . French drains are ditch that have been fill with gravel . It is all right to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a upright solvent where aspect are n’t as important , think of the Gallic drainpipe as a ditch fill with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping position .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where body of water is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on site that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crushed rock , topped with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in creative thinker that it is illegal to disport water onto other people ’s property . If you do not finger that you’re able to implement a workable answer on your own , call a contractor . condition : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans just what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the dirt appropriate excess moisture to drain off . Most plant life like about 1 inch of water per calendar week . meliorate your stain with compost will avail better texture and piddle holding or drain capacity . A 3 in level of mulch will aid to maintain soil moisture and field have shown that mulched plant grow quicker than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and take the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . stance tree in snapper of hole so that the best side faces forward . You are ready to begin filling in with soil .
If plant a balled and burlaped tree , set it in hole so that the best side faces forward . Untie or remove nail from burlap at top of ballock and pull gunny back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . celluloid burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like born burlap . Larger trees often come in wire basket . Plant as you would a b&b industrial plant , but cut as much of the conducting wire away as possible without actually take out the basketful . luck are , you would do more damage to the rootball by remove the basket . just cut away wires to leave several great opening for roots .
Fill both mess with soil the same path . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your grunge is loose enough , you are better off add slight or no filth amendment .
Create a piss mob around the outer boundary of the mess . Not only will this conseve water system , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging tabu growth . Once tree diagram is establish , water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulched trees maturate quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . Remove any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the works through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far fit ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the land too . moisten the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts H2O result . Fungicides can be used , harmonise to label directions . Consult a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the antecedent tomentum off of plants and love life to burrow through root harvest such as onions , Allium sativum and scallion . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glossy white and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating quarrel covers or cheesecloth jell over seedbeds in other bound may dissuade egg laying on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always take and destroy septic flora . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till grunge well in the pin to disclose and destruct pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small annoying fly sheet which can often be a pain in the neck inside the home . About the sizing of fruit flies , they can be seen running on the soil airfoil of sess . They seem to privilege wet grease precondition and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larva can induce root damage and grownup can transmit plant diseases , they rarely have severe plant wrong .
Possible controls : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : usage label insecticidal drenches against the juvenile leg . Adults can be controlled with advocate insect powder , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic nematode in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dense - blanched , gentle - bodied louse that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth portion that suck the sap out of plant life tissue paper . Mealybugsoften reckon like pocket-size pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems leg . They attack a wide range of plants . The untried tend to move around until they find out a desirable feeding spot , then they hang up out in colony and feed . Mealybugs can counteract a works lead to yellow-bellied foliage and leaf drop curtain . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can take to an untempting contraband surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage raw foe such as lady beetle in the garden to serve reduce population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , winged insects that look like tiny moths , which attack many type of plants . The take flight adult stage prefers the undersurface of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can dwell up to 500 egg in a sprightliness brace of 2 months . If a industrial plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing insect when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually leading to plant expiry if they are not checked . They can convey many harmful plant life viruses . They also develop a cherubic substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous ontogeny called jet mould .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; exercise screening in windowpane to keep them out ; bump off infested plant forth from non - infested flora ; utilise a pensive mulch ( aluminum transparency ) under works ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with jaundiced sticky bill , utilise labeled pesticide ; encourage lifelike enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of pee will lap them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - moving insects that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many color , crop from green to brown to calamitous , and they may have wing . They attack a wide scope of flora species causing stunting , deformed leave-taking and buds . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain , since it take many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphids do farm a sweet inwardness called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can top to an untempting opprobrious surface maturation called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase chop-chop in number and each female can bring forth up to 250 live nymph in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often seem when the environment changes - spring & crepuscle . They ’re often massed at the summit of branch feeding on succulent tissue . aphid are attract to the coloration yellow and will often hitchhike on yellowish clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep sess to an inviolable minimum , especially around desirable plant . On edibles , wash off infect field of plant . Lady bug and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various merchandise - organic and inorganic - that can be used to contain aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and survey all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate lightness . job are uncollectible where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or grey-headed fungus is commonly found on the upper Earth’s surface of leave of absence or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or chocolate-brown , curl up , and drop off . Modern foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistive varieties and space plants properly so they receive tolerable light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for blush wine . Go easy on the nitrogen plant food . practice fungicide grant to recording label directions before problem becomes stark and follow direction incisively , not missing any necessitate treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean house up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destruct . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet floor are too gamey and fungous spore present in the soil , occur in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of operations of stem discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stubble wilting and die . leafage near base are affected first . The source will call on black and decompose or break . This fungus can be present by using unsterilised soil mixing or contaminated piss .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant life and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with works that are not susceptible , and only practice fresh , sterilized soil mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plants and make indisputable that soil is well drained prior to establish . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well debilitate soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungi or bacteria . dark-brown or black spots and mend may be either ragged or circular , with a water soak or yellow - edged visual aspect . Insects , rain , muddied garden creature , or even people can aid its spread .
Prevention and Control : withdraw infected leaves when the flora is dry . leave of absence that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be direct at soil storey . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions .
plague : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that applies to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that burrow between upper and down in the mouth leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly formula . A female adult can lay several hundred nut inside the folio which hatching and give boost to mineworker . leafage miners onset ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout case-by-case plants for severalise - tale squiggle . plunk and demolish these leaf and take advantage of natural opposition such as leechlike white Anglo-Saxon Protestant . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to point insecticide sprays when most good for controlling the specific leafage mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label procedures to a tee . * GDD number should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the answer of a plant life infection , triggered by a fungus , and may make hard defoliation , specially in trees , but rarely results in death . Sunken patches on stems , yield , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may seem watery , and have pinkish - tan spore spate that appear slime - like . On veg , stain may dilate as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are concentrated to control . Isolate infest works by from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden pith professional or Cooperative Extension spot in your county for a sound good word regarding their control . boost instinctive enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . weed : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduce by cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water that receives full Lord’s Day and has an plentiful supply of nutrient . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on realm or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when piddle begins to warm , as a light-green cast or film on the pond ’s surface . On land , algae may appear wretched and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The undecomposed bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommend that you supply at least one oxygenating industrial plant per 1 hearty foot of pond Earth’s surface . well oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from infix the pond and to reduce the amount of food feed to angle . Both overload water with nutrient , take a crap algae problems worse . slim the amount of sunshine penetrating the pool ’s Earth’s surface is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty stamp is a fungus that is found on the surface of leave of absence . It feed on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy hemipterous insect , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blacken the leaves and stem of the plant . The best way to master jet-black mould is to control the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can normally be wiped from farewell with a moist material or washed away with a hosiery - end sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by kingdom Fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilt of leafage . There are many dissimilar blights , specific to various plant life , each requiring a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These flora feeding insects spread viruses . virus can also be introduced by septic pollen or through plant openings ( as when clip ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New flora should be insure , as well as tools and existing plants . Use only certified cum that is deemed disease - complimentary . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not plant tight associate plants in the same area every class .
