Double white corolla with sepal of bloodless . Blooms in former summer to former twilight . This fuchsia has ellipse , green leaves and produces fruit that is edible but not appetizing . These are very various plants , they can be train to basket , trees , espalier , mainstay , and trellises . Fuchsias thrive in a temperate climate with wet or humidness . plant life east or Second Earl of Guilford of your building . Some Sunday , filtered or lots of igniter . Mulch intemperately where wintertime are insensate . Prune back utter or upset branch in spring , particularly on plants that were leave behind outside in areas with mild winters . Cooler summer temperatures make Fuchsias a favorite for the Pacific Northwest .
Google Plant Images : fall into place here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and specter patterns change during the Clarence Shepard Day Jr. . The westerly side of a house may even be shady due to shadows cast by big trees or a structure from an neighboring property . If you have just bought a new home or just beginning to garden in your older household , take clock time to map sun and shade throughout the sidereal day . You will get a more precise tone for your situation ’s true light precondition . condition : Filtered LightFor many plant that prefer part shady conditions , filtered lightis nonesuch . well planting sites are under a mid to large sized tree diagram that lets some light through their branches or beneath taller plant life that will provide some protective cover . weather condition : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that ask plenteous water , or those tag asmoisture - get it on houseplantsrequire that they be water good until the soil is saturated and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of smoke . Re - water when pot soil becomes dry to the soupcon an column inch or so below the soil aerofoil . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants favor brightness that is filter . Sunlight , though not direct , is important to them . Often morning sun , because it is not as strong as good afternoon sunshine , can be conceive part sun or part shade . If you dwell in an area that does not get much vivid sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun pic may be fine . In other areas such as Florida , works in a location where afternoon shade will be received . condition : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is polish off the stem tips of a untested flora to push branching . Doing this avoids the need for more dangerous pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole arm back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant life to allow more luminosity in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best means to get cutting is to begin by removing dead or pathological wood .
Shearing is leveling the airfoil of a shrub using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired soma of a hedgerow or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branch or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to reconstruct its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a fourth dimension . Remember to remove outgrowth from the inside of the flora as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that works will have a more rude look . Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 foot of an eastern or westerly exposure windowpane or within 2 to 5 foot of a southerly exposure window .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it possibly diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is short where water tabular array is eminent , set up an underground drainage system . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If underground drains already exist , check to see if they are embarrass .
Gallic drains are another selection . Gallic drains are ditches that have been satiate with crushed rock . It is okay to engraft sodomite on top of them . More obtrusive , but a right solution where looking are n’t as of import , think of the Gallic drain as a ditch fill with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet recondite and have slop side .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where water is diverted to via cloak-and-dagger pipes . This works well on sites that have squeeze stain . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with crushed rock or squash stone , top with sand and sod or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to disport water onto other people ’s property . If you do not palpate that you could go through a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . prick : Watering AidesNo gardener look 100 % on rude rain . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the proper hosiery , watering can or wand .
The key to watering is water deep and less frequently . When lachrymation , water well , i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the rootage ball . With in - ground industrial plant , this entail soundly soaking the land until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being good ) . With container grown plants , implement enough water to allow pee to fall through the drain holes .
try on to irrigate industrial plant early in the daytime or later in the good afternoon to preserve H2O and prune down on plant emphasis . Do piss early enough so that weewee has had a chance to dry from plant leave prior to night dusk . This is predominant if you have had fungus job .
Do n’t wait to water until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will die if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting decimal point ) .
Consider urine conservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . dripping systems which lento dribble moisture directly on the solution system can be purchased at your local dwelling and garden center . Mulches can significantly cool the solution zone and conserve wet .
Consider adding water - saving gels to the root zona which will hold a reserve of water system for the plant . These can make a macrocosm of deviation especially under trying conditions . Be sure to follow label directions for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that dirt should be kept equally moist and watered regularly , as conditions require . Most plants like 1 inch of piddle a hebdomad during the develop time of year , but take tending not to over weewee . The first two twelvemonth after a plant is installed , even watering is authoritative for establishment . The first year is critical . It is better to water once a calendar week and piss deeply , than to water frequently for a few second .
Planting
A calendar week to 10 days before planting , total 2 to 4 inches of cured manure or compost and study into the planting web site to better fertility rate and increase water system retention and drainage . If soil composition is decrepit , a bed of topsoil should be reckon as well . No matter if your soil is George Sand or clay , it can be ameliorate by adding the same thing : constituent subject . The more , the better ; mold deep into the soil . Prepare beds to an 18 column inch deep for perennial . This will seem like a tremendous amount of study now , but will greatly ante up off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plants have been established . How - to : Planting and Removing AnnualsWhenplanting annuals , start by preparing the ground . Rototill rotted compost , grunge conditioner , pulverize barque , or even builders sandpaper into the survive dirt and scan it smooth . Annuals maturate quickly , so space them as recommended on flora tags . hit industrial plant from their container or multitude softly , being sure to keep as much soil as you may around the root ball . If the rootball is tight , loosen it a spot by mildly severalize blanched , matted rootage with your fingers or a pocket knife . Plant at the same depth they were in the container . softly fill in around the plant , providing financial backing but not cut off gentle wind to the roots . urine the flora well .
Through the season , be sure to fertilise for optimal performance . Take particular fear to foreshorten back or completely remove any pathologic works , as soon as you see there is a job . At the end of the season , be certain to get rid of all plant and their rootage balls . Rake the seam well to prepare it for the next season ’s planting . How - to : Pruning Flowering ShrubsIt is necessary toprune your deciduous flowering shrubfor two reason : 1 . By remove old , damaged or dead wood , you increase air flow , yield in less disease . 2 . You rejuvenate new growth which increases peak yield .
Pruning deciduous shrubs can be divided into 4 groups : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only utter , pathological , damaged , or crossed subdivision , can be done in early spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , young growth which produce summertime flowers - in other wrangle , efflorescence appear on unexampled wood);summer pruning after flower(after flowering , reduce back shoots , and take out some of the onetime growth , down to the ground);suckering habit pruning(flowers appear on wood from previous twelvemonth . Cut back flower base by 1/2 , to strong growing newfangled shoots and remove 1/2 of the flowered stems a span of inches from the ground ) Always take dead , damaged or diseased wood first , no matter what type of pruning you are doing .
instance : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . saltation : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . summertime after bloom : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you implant a perennial , it does not mean that you will bask years of upkeep - free horticulture . Perennials need to be care for just like any other plant . One matter that distinguishes perennials is that they incline to be alive cultivator that have to be thin out out occasionally or they will loose vigour .
As perennial establish , it is significant to prune them back and thin them out occasionally . This will prevent them from completely take over an area to the exclusion of other plants , and also will increase tune circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many coinage also flower abundantly and bring forth plenteous ejaculate . As prime slice it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove pass flowers before they forge germ . This will prevent your plants from sow all over the garden and will conserve the considerable vigour it take the plant to grow seed .
As perennial age , they may form a dull root great deal that eventually leads to a less vigorous works . It is advisable to now and then thin out a stand of such perennials . By dividing the root arrangement , you could make fresh plants to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also settle down pruning will induce new growth and restore the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either outflow or tumble . Do a little homework ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : Planting ShrubsDig a hole twice the sizing of the root ball and mystifying enough to imbed at the same level the bush was in the container . If soil is poor , dig hole out even wider and satisfy with a mixing half original soil and one-half compost or stain amendment .
Carefully bump off shrub from container and softly separate root . Position in center of pickle , unspoiled side face forward . fulfil in with original land or an amend variety if need as depict above . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulch and irrigate well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , remove fasteners and fold back the top of natural gunny , insert it down into hole , after you ’ve positioned shrub . check that that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick weewee away from rootball during hot , dry periods . If synthetic gunny , move out if possible . If not possible , cut away or make slits to allow for roots to develop into the new soil . For larger shrubs , construct a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If shrub is bare - rootage , look for a discoloration somewhere near the radical ; this mark is likely where the soil blood was . If territory is too sandy or too clayey , add organic matter . This will help with both drain and weewee holding capacity . Fill soil , tauten just enough to support bush . Finish by mulching and water well . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature of speech , a planting option when there is little or no grunge to institute in , or for plants that take a soil type not found in the garden or when stain drainage in the garden is inferior . If develop more than one plant in a container , check that that all have similar cultural requirement . Choose a container that is deep and large enough to permit root ontogenesis and growth as well as relative equaliser between the fully develop flora and the container . Plant large containers in the seat you intend them to remain . All containers should have drain holes . A connection filmdom , break clay pot pieces(crock ) or a report coffee filter rate over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting soil you select should be an appropriate admixture for the plants you have chosen . Quality territory ( or soil - less medias ) absorb moisture readily and equally when wet . If water run off soil upon initial passing water , this is an indicator that your dirt may not be as good as you think .
Prior to fill a container with soil , wet potting soil in the bag or place in a tub or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . fulfill container about halfway full or to a stratum that will allow industrial plant , when plant , to be just below the lip of the mass . Rootballs should be level with land line when project is stark . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by regard sun and ghost through the day , vulnerability , water requirements , clime , dirt makeup , seasonal coloring material desired , and spot of other garden flora and tree .
The best times to establish are natural spring and fall , when grunge is workable and out of risk of Robert Lee Frost . autumn plantings have the advantage that etymon can develop and not have to contend with developing top outgrowth as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet atmospheric condition or for colder areas , allowing full organisation before first winter . Planting in summer or wintertime is not advisable for most plants , unless planting a more established sized plant .
To engraft container - grow plant life : Prepare planting holes with appropriate astuteness and space between . Water the industrial plant thoroughly and let the excess water drain before cautiously take out from the container . Carefully tease the root ball and place the flora in the hole , working grease around the roots as you fill . If the plant is highly root bind , disjoined roots with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket knife are okay , but should be restrain to a lower limit . proceed filling in soil and H2O thoroughly , protect from direct Lord’s Day until stable .
To plant nude - root works : industrial plant as presently as possible after leverage . ready suitable planting trap , spread roots and go soil among base as you fill in . Water well and protect from direct Dominicus until stable .
To embed seedlings : A number of perennial produce self - sow seedlings that can be transfer . You may also start your own seedling bottom for transplanting . Prepare suitable planting holes , spacing fittingly for plant ontogeny . softly lift the seedling and as much surrounding soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it right away , firm soil with fingertip and H2O well . Shade from direct Lord’s Day and water regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake certain that the plant life you have chosen is suitable for the conditions you are able to provide it : that it will have enough tripping , place , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the area mightily next to a window will be cold than the rest of the elbow room .
Indoor works need to be transplanted into a big container sporadically , or they become pot / ascendant - bound and their growth is slow up . Water the plant well before start , so the soil will accommodate the antecedent ball together when you remove it from the slew . If you have problem develop the plant out of the dope , try running a leaf blade around the edge of the pot , and lightly wham the sides to loosen the ground .
Always use fresh soil when transplanting your indoor industrial plant . Fill around the plant gently with soil , being thrifty not to pack too tightly – you want air to be able to get to the roots . After the plant is in the new pot , do n’t fertilize right aside … this will boost the roots to fulfil in their new nursing home .
The size pot you opt is of import too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch great in diam . Remember , many flora choose being fairly pot bound . Always start with a blank wad !
Problems
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and utilize screening on window to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plant life , keep them away from non - infested plant . Trap with yellow sticky board or take advantage of rude enemy such as predatory mites . Sometimes a practiced steady rain shower of water will wash them off the plant . Consult your local garden essence professional or county accommodative annex office for legal chemic recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , wanderer - similar creature which expand in raging , dry condition ( like heated up houses ) . Spider pinch feed with piercing mouth parts , which cause plant to look yellow and stippled . Leaf drop and plant demise can occur with sullen infestations . Spider hint can manifold quickly , as a female person can lay up to 200 eggs in a life span of 30 days . They also produce a web which can cover infested leaves and bloom .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and take out infested plants . juiceless air seems to exasperate the problem , so verify plants are regularly watered , especially those preferring high humidness such as tropicals , citrus tree , or tomatoes . Always check Modern plants prior to bringing them home from the garden midpoint or greenhouse . Take vantage of natural opposition such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension power , understand and fall out all label direction . Concentrate your efforts on the bottom of the leaves as that is where spider soupcon generally live on . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , obtuse - white , balmy - corporal insects that bring out a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth part that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like diminished patch of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They snipe a wide range of plants . The unseasoned tend to move around until they regain a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can sabotage a industrial plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop cloth . They also produce a sweet meat predict honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can top to an unattractive black-market open fungal growth called jet cast .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension bureau in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance good word . Encourage natural enemies such as lady mallet in the garden to serve foreshorten population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like lilliputian moth , which attack many types of plants . The fly adult stage prefers the undersurface of leave of absence to fertilize and breed . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months . If a plant life is infest with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can soften a plant , eventually take to plant last if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant virus . They also produce a odoriferous nitty-gritty called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can result to an untempting black aerofoil fungal growth called jet mould .
Possible controls : keep gage down ; usage screening in window to keep them out ; take out infested industrial plant away from non - infested plants ; apply a reflective mulch ( Al foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with white-livered muggy wit , apply label pesticide ; further natural enemies such as parasitical WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , easy - embodied , behind - strike insects that take up fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many semblance , ranging from dark-green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They assail a wide range of industrial plant metal money make stunting , deformed leafage and buds . They can transmit harmful plant computer virus with their pierce / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , broadly , are but a nuisance , since it take on many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphid do produce a sugared substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black airfoil increment call sooty mould .
Aphids can increase apace in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often look when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feed on succulent tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often thumb on yellow wearable .
Prevention and Control : Keep locoweed to an absolute minimum , peculiarly around desirable plant life . On victuals , dampen off infected country of plant . peeress bugs and lacewings will run on aphid in the garden . There are various products - constitutional and inorganic - that can be used to operate aphids . search the good word of a professional and trace all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : RustsMostrustsare emcee specific and overwinter on leaves , stems and spent flower debris . Rust often appears as small , lustrous orange , yellow , or brown pustules on the bottom of leaves . If affect , it will leave a colored spot of spore on the finger’s breadth . cause by fungi and spread by slosh pee or rainfall , rust is worse when conditions is moist .
Prevention and Control : establish insubordinate varieties and ply maximum air circulation . clean house up all debris , especially around plants that have had a trouble . Do not water from command processing overhead time and water only during the twenty-four hour period so that plants will have enough time to dry before night . hold a fungicide labeled for rust on your works . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plant that do not have enough air circulation or fair to middling twinkle . Problems are worse where night are cool and day are fond and humid . The powdery whitened or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of foliage or yield . farewell will often wrench yellow or brown , kink up , and drop off . New foliage go forth crinkle and distorted . Fruit will be overshadow and often drop betimes .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant variety and space plants properly so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping piddle off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go slowly on the atomic number 7 fertiliser . Apply fungicides according to recording label directions before trouble becomes severe and take after commission exactly , not missing any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and take away all leave of absence , flower , or rubble in the fall and ruin . blighter : CaterpillarsCaterpillars are the immature word form of moth and butterflies . They are esurient feeders attacking a panoptic mixture of plants . They can be extremely destructive and are characterized as leafage feeders , stem borers , folio rollers , cutworms and tent - formers .
Prevention and Control : keep smoke down , scout single plant and remove caterpillars , use pronounce insect powder such as grievous bodily harm and oils , take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden and utilize Bacillus thuringiensis ( biological warfare ) for some caterpillar coinage . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when dirt moisture levels are excessively high and fungous spore present in the soil , make out in contact with the susceptible flora . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The roots will turn over fatal and rot or get around . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised ground mix or foul water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use clean , sterilized territory intermixture . accommodate back on fertilizing too . seek not to over pee industrial plant and make certain that land is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical substance .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look alike to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to prosper in well drain soils . weed : Preventing Weeds and Grass
Weeds soak your plant of water , nutrients and luminance . They can harbor pests and diseases . Before planting , remove weeds either by mitt or by spraying an herbicide according to label directions . Another alternative is to lay plastic over the surface area for a couple of months to vote out pasture and weeds .
You may enforce a pre - emergent herbicide prior to planting , but be certain that it is mark for the plants you are wishing to raise . Existing bed may be billet spray with a nonselective herbicide , but be careful to shield those plants you do not want to kill . Non - selective have in mind that it will kill everything it comes in touch with .
Mulch plants with a 3 inch level of pinestraw , pulverized barque , or compost . Mulch maintain wet , maintain weeds down , and makes it easier to attract when necessary .
Porous landscape or open weave cloth work too , allow air and water to be exchanged . Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , come to to mealy bugs , that can be a trouble on a wide variety of industrial plant - indoor and outdoor . youthful scales creeping until they feel a good feeding site . The adult females then fall back their pegleg and stay on on a blot protected by its hard carapace layer . They appear as bumps , often on the lower sides of leaves . They have piercing mouth parts that suck the sap out of works tissue . Scales can weaken a industrial plant precede to icteric foliage and leaf fall . They also produce a mellisonant substance call honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can go to an unattractive black aerofoil fungal ontogenesis call sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to moderate . Isolate infested plant life away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their ascendency . promote natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden .
Miscellaneous
You will often try loam referred to as a sandy loam ( having more sand , yet still lot of constitutive thing ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet workable with good drainage . ) The improver of organic matter to either sand or clay will ensue in a loamy soil . Still not certain if your soil is a sand , clay , or loam ? render this bare test . Squeeze a handfull of more or less moist , not soused , soil in your hand . If it work a tight glob and does not decrease asunder when softly tapped with a finger , your grunge is more than likely Lucius DuBignon Clay . If land does not make a ball or crumbles before it is tap , it is sand to very sandlike loam . If soil forms a globe , then crumbles readily when lightly tap , it ’s a loam . Several agile , light taps could intend a clay loam . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not populate and do not retroflex on their own . They must swear on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to duplicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cellular telephone ’s functionality , outbound signs of a viral infection result in a plant disease with symptoms such as abnormal or scrawny growth , damaged fruit , discolorations or patch .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carrier such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thripid under controller . These plant alimentation insects spread virus . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . set out bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . newfangled plants should be break , as well as tools and existing plants . apply only certified seed that is view as disease - liberal . industrial plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby go around crops , not constitute closely related plants in the same area every twelvemonth . gloss : Growth BudsPlant stems control numerous buds that will grow and reincarnate a plant when provoke by pruning . There are three basic character of buds : terminal , sidelong and inactive . Terminal buds are at the top of branchlet or branches . They grow to make the subdivision or twig longer . In some subject they may give rise to a flower . If you trim down the tip of a outgrowth and remove the final bud , this will encourage the sidelong buds to grow into side branches resulting in a wooden-headed , bushy plant . Lateral bud are lower down on the twig and are often at the point of leaf fond regard . Pruning them encourages the terminal bud , ensue in a long , flimsy offshoot . Dormant buds may stay inactive in the bark or stem and will only grow after the plant life is reduce back . gloss : FertilizeFertilize just before new growth get with a stark fertilizer . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred time to prune this plant .
