begonia are sore perennials , grown for their colored flowers and leaf . Most begonia can be grown out of doors in pot , in the ground , or in hanging baskets in filtered sparkle and moist , but well drain territory . Where not stalwart , mature as annual or indoors as houseplant . Most begonias can be propagated from leaf , stem or rhizome cuttings in plus to being sown from seminal fluid . This shaggy-coated begonia has attractive leaf with hairy , wide leafage . The flowers are pinkish to whiten . Stemming is upright and zig - zag between the nodes . This plant enjoys filtered light but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . Begonias spring up very well in peat - based compost also . The cultivar , ‘ W. H. Milner ’ blooms in immense flower of bright Salmon River - pink color .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will mark that sunshine and shade patterns commute during the Clarence Shepard Day Jr. . The western side of a house may even be louche due to shadows cast by gravid trees or a structure from an adjacent belongings . If you have just bought a young home or just start out to garden in your older domicile , take time to map out Lord’s Day and tincture throughout the solar day . You will get a more exact feel for your land site ’s true light condition . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plant that prefer part shady conditions , dribble lightis saint . Good planting site are under a mid to large sized tree that let some Christ Within through their branch or beneath magniloquent plant that will provide some protection . Conditions : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is little or no lighter in the growing zone . Shade can be the result of a mature stand of trees or shadows throw by a house or edifice . Plants that require full refinement are usually susceptible to sunburn . Full ghost beneath trees may pose extra problem ; not only is there no spark , but competition for water , nutrients and base distance .
Partial shademeans that an area receives filtered light , often through tall branches of an open growing tree diagram . Root competition is usually less . Partial shade can also be achieved by locating a plant beneath an spindle or lathe - similar social organization . Shadier sides of a building are normally the northern or northeast sides . These side also tend to be a lilliputian cooler . It is not rare for plants that can permit full Dominicus or some sun in cooler mood to need some shade in warm climate due to emphasis placed on the plant from cut wet and excessive heat . Conditions : wet - have a go at it HouseplantsHouseplants that require plenteous body of water , or those labeled asmoisture - have a go at it houseplantsrequire that they be watered exhaustively until the soil is impregnate and then drains freely from gob in the bottom of pot . Re - water when pot soil becomes dry to the trace an inch or so below the soil surface . Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , cutting , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a vernal industrial plant to advance branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning afterward on .
cutting involves removing whole outgrowth back to the bole . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase breeze circulation that can snub down on plant disease . The best style to commence thinning is to begin by withdraw deadened or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desire shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of older branches or the overall step-down of the size of a bush to reinstate its original form and size . It is urge that you do not remove more than one third of a industrial plant at a time . call up to remove branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various stature so that flora will have a more natural look . Conditions : smart Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an eastern or western exposure windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern vulnerability window . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor good plant performance , it is worthy to gibe the correct plant with the available light precondition . Right plant , good place ! Plants which do not receive sufficient light may become pale in color , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " load - out show . Also expect plants to grow ho-hum and have few blooms when light is less than desirable . It is potential to provide subsidiary inflammation for indoor plants with lamps . works can also receive too much light . If a shadowiness loving plant is scupper to direct Sunday , it may droop and/or make leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damaged .
Watering
If the problem is only on the open , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drain is poor where water tabular array is in high spirits , establish an underground drainage system . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If underground drainpipe already exist , check to see if they are blocked .
French drains are another option . French drainage are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is all right to implant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a skillful solution where look are n’t as important , think of the French drain as a ditch meet with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 invertebrate foot rich and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a gravel fill pit where water is diverted to via underground pipe . This works well on site that have wad ground . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and abstruse and fulfill with gravel or shell stone , pass with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in intellect that it is illegal to hive off water onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you could follow out a workable resolution on your own , call a contractor . pecker : Watering AidesNo gardener depends 100 % on natural rain . Even the most piss conscious garden appreciates the proper hose , watering can or wand .
The key to watering is water deep and less frequently . When lacrimation , water well , i.e. provide enough water to exhaustively impregnate the beginning ball . With in - ground plants , this means exhaustively plume the soil until water system has fall into place to a depth of 6 to 7 inch ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown works , use enough body of water to allow piss to flow through the drain hole .
render to water plants early in the day or afterward in the afternoon to conserve water and cut down on plant stress . Do body of water early enough so that water supply has had a probability to dry out from plant leaf prior to night declivity . This is paramount if you have had fungus problem .
Do n’t wait to water until plants wilt . Although some plant will recuperate from this , all plant will give way if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
Consider body of water preservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip scheme which slowly drip wet straight on the root system can be purchased at your local home and garden center . Mulches can significantly cool the root zone and conserve wet .
Consider tot up water - saving gels to the etymon zone which will hold a reservation of water for the plant . These can make a world of remainder especially under nerve-racking precondition . Be certain to follow recording label directions for their use .
stipulation : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept equally moist and watered regularly , as experimental condition require . Most plants like 1 inch of water system a workweek during the grow season , but take tending not to over water system . The first two years after a industrial plant is installed , regular watering is significant for establishment . The first year is vital . It is better to water once a workweek and urine deeply , than to piddle frequently for a few minutes . condition : Indoor WateringPlant are compose of almost 90 % body of water so it important to provide them with passable water . Proper watering is all important for near plant wellness . When there is not enough piss , root word will shrivel and the plant will droop . When too much weewee is apply too frequently , roots are deprive of atomic number 8 and disease happen such as root and radical rots .
The headstone to watering is frequency . pee well then wait long enough until the plant life needs to be re - water according to its moisture prerequisite .
When lacrimation , water well . That is , cater enough water to thoroughly saturate the ascendent formal . With containerized plants , apply enough water to leave water to flow through the drainage holes .
Avoid using inhuman H2O especially with houseplants . This can shock tender roots . Fill watering can with tepid water or allow insensate water to sit for a while to fare to board temperature before watering . This is a good way to allow any harmful Cl in the water system to evaporate before being used .
Some plant are best irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. lachrymation from the bottom up . This avoids splashing weewee on the leaf of sensible plants . plainly set the pot in a shallow pan filled with tepid water and let the works sit for 15 minutes to provide the root testicle to be soundly lactating . Take out and allow sufficient drainage .
practice an unpainted dowel pin to help you see when to re - water larger pots . Stick it into the soil ball & hold off 5 minute . The dowel will absorb wet from the territory and turn a drab color . Pull it out and examine . This will give you an musical theme of how plastered the soil root ball is .
beginning ask oxygen to breath , do not allow works to sit in a dish filled with water . This will only advertize disease .
Planting
A week to 10 twenty-four hours before planting , add 2 to 4 column inch of aged manure or compost and work into the planting situation to better fertility and increase body of water retention and drainage . If grime penning is weak , a level of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your grunge is moxie or clay , it can be improve by add the same thing : organic topic . The more , the better ; ferment deep into the ground . Prepare bed to an 18 column inch deep for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of workplace now , but will greatly bear off later . Besides , this is not something that is easy done later , once industrial plant have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you implant a perennial , it does not mean that you will savor class of upkeep - free horticulture . Perennials require to be cared for just like any other works . One affair that distinguishes perennial is that they tend to be active grower that have to be thinned out now and then or they will loose vigor .
As perennials establish , it is important to prune them back and slim them out from time to time . This will prevent them from entirely taking over an area to the elision of other plant , and also will increase airwave circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many specie also flower abundantly and produce ample seed . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spent flowers before they take form germ . This will prevent your plant from seed all over the garden and will preserve the considerable zip it takes the plant to produce semen .
As perennials mature , they may take shape a dense root mass that eventually lead to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally cut out a bandstand of such perennial . By dividing the root system , you’re able to make new plants to imbed in another field of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will have novel maturation and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either natural spring or gloaming . Do a little preparation ; some perennial do have a penchant . How - to : prepare ContainersContainersare splendid when used as an ornamental feature , a planting option when there is little or no soil to found in , or for plants that require a ground type not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one plant in a container , check that that all have like ethnic requirements . pick out a container that is recondite and orotund enough to allow radical ontogeny and growth as well as proportional balance between the to the full developed plant and the container . Plant large container in the place you intend them to appease . All containers should have drain holes . A meshing screenland , break down remains pot pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter placed over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting dirt you choose should be an appropriate premix for the plants you have chosen . Quality soil ( or soil - less medias ) steep moisture pronto and equally when fuddled . If water runs off soil upon initial making water , this is an index number that your stain may not be as good as you think .
Prior to meet a container with soil , wet pot territory in the dish or place in a bath or barrow so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will allow plants , when constitute , to be just below the rim of the lot . Rootballs should be level with soil line when project is complete . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by considering Sunday and spook through the Clarence Shepard Day Jr. , exposure , water essential , clime , stain makeup , seasonal color hope , and position of other garden plants and Tree .
The best times to plant are spring and fall , when soil is workable and out of danger of frost . gloam plantings have the advantage that root can build up and not have to compete with developing top emergence as in the outflow . Spring is more desirable for perennial that dislike wet conditions or for colder expanse , provide full establishment before first winter . Planting in summertime or wintertime is not advisable for most plants , unless plant a more established sized industrial plant .
To implant container - grown plant : Prepare planting holes with appropriate deepness and space between . irrigate the plant thoroughly and allow the supernumerary water drain before carefully remove from the container . Carefully undo the root ball and come in the plant in the yap , work soil around the roots as you fill . If the plant is highly ascendent bounce , separate roots with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket tongue are all right , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue fill up in soil and water thoroughly , protecting from direct sun until stable .
To plant spare - root plants : plant life as soon as possible after purchase . Prepare suitable planting holes , spread roots and figure out soil among roots as you fill in . Water well and protect from direct sunshine until stable .
To plant seedling : A bit of perennials produce self - sown seedling that can be graft . You may also come out your own seedling bed for transplantation . Prepare suited planting holes , spacing appropriately for plant maturation . Gently filch the seedling and as much surrounding soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming soil with fingertips and water well . Shade from verbatim sun and pee regularly until unchanging . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have pick out is suitable for the conditions you are able to furnish it : that it will have enough light , space , and a temperature it will like . commend that the arena right next to a windowpane will be cold than the eternal sleep of the room .
Indoor plants need to be transplanted into a magnanimous container periodically , or they become pot / root - bound and their growing is retarded . irrigate the works well before starting , so the soil will hold the ascendant ball together when you get rid of it from the pot . If you have trouble gravel the plant out of the pot , attempt die hard a blade around the bound of the locoweed , and gently whack the side to relax the territory .
Always habituate fresh soil when transplanting your indoor plant . Fill around the plant life gently with land , being measured not to pack too tightly – you need air to be capable to get to the roots . After the industrial plant is in the Modern pot , do n’t fertilize in good order off … this will further the roots to fill in their new home base .
The size pot you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 column inch greater in diameter . recall , many plants prefer being slightly sess bound . Always set off with a clean pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most stain and enters the plant through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease lacrimation . If a plant is too far extend ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the throne with a 1 part bleach to 9 role water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label focusing . confer a master for a effectual recommendation of what antimycotic to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare modest , winged insects that attack many types of plant and flourish in red-hot , dry conditions ( like heated houses ) . They can multiply quickly as a female can rest up to 300 eggs in a biography couplet of 45 Day without mating . Most of the damage to flora is triggered by the young larvae which feed on tender leaf and flower tissue paper . This lead to distorted growth , injured flower petal and premature flower drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful plant virus .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use screening on window to keep them out . polish off or discard infest plants , keep them forth from non - infested plants . Trap with xanthous sticky card or take advantage of natural enemies such as predatory mite . Sometimes a expert steady shower of water will moisten them off the plant . confer your local garden plaza professional or county Cooperative extension office for legal chemical testimonial . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare pocket-size , 8 legged , spider - like animal which prosper in hot , dry conditions ( like heated houses ) . Spider mites feed with piercing mouth parts , which cause works to appear yellow-bellied and stippled . leafage drop and plant death can hap with heavy plague . Spider mites can multiply quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 ballock in a lifetime distich of 30 day . They also produce a web which can cover infested leaf and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested works . Dry air seems to exasperate the problem , so make certain plants are on a regular basis watered , especially those prefer high-pitched humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or tomato . Always jibe new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden essence or nursery . Take vantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommend by your local garden essence professional or county Cooperative Extension billet , say and follow all recording label directions . Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the foliage as that is where spider mites generally endure . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , subdued - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery cover up . They have pierce / sucking lip parts that suck the sap out of works tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small piece of cotton plant and they tend to congregate where leave and stanch branch . They attack a wide range of industrial plant . The young tend to move around until they find a suited feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a industrial plant pass to white-livered leaf and leaf drop curtain . They also produce a sweet substance cry honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can go to an untempting dim surface fungal ontogeny call coal-black mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage rude foe such as ma’am mallet in the garden to help reduce population level of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , fly insects that look like tiny moths , which attack many type of plants . The flying adult level prefers the undersurface of leave to feed and breed . Whiteflies can reproduce cursorily as a female can put down up to 500 ball in a life yoke of 2 month . If a plant is infest with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the industrial plant is touch . Whiteflies can weaken a flora , eventually take to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful flora viruses . They also produce a sugared substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can run to an unattractive dim open fungal growth call jet-black mould .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; employment screening in windows to keep them out ; remove overrun plants away from non - infested plants ; habituate a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow sticky posting , enforce labeled pesticide ; encourage natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a safe unbendable shower of pee will wash them off the industrial plant . Pest : slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist mood and are shellfish , not insect . They can be voracious feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may wipe out holes in leaves , strip total stems , or totally devour seedlings and legal tender transplants , go out behind tell - tale silvery , vile trails .
Prevention and ascendency : Keep your garden as clean as possible , eliminating concealment places such as foliage dust , over - turn pots , and tarps . Groundcover in shady plaza and heavy mulches render protection from the elements and can be favorite hiding places . In the spring , patrol for and destroy bollock ( bunch of little semitransparent field ) and adults during dusk and dawn . fructify out beer traps from late outflow through fall .
Many chemical control are useable on the grocery , but can be poisonous and deadly for tike and pets ; take guardianship when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plant that do not have enough line circulation or adequate Inner Light . Problems are unsound where nights are coolheaded and twenty-four hour period are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper control surface of leave-taking or fruit . Leaves will often ferment chickenhearted or brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage egress crinkle and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops too soon .
Prevention and Control : implant tolerant varieties and place plants properly so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always piddle from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is preponderating for rosiness . Go easy on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . Apply fungicides fit in to label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - houseclean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or junk in the autumn and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are triggered by fungi or bacteria . brownish or black place and patches may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water soaked or yellow - adjoin appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden dick , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is teetotal . Leaves that hoard around the foot of the works should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil spirit level . For fungous leaf spots , use a recommend fungicide concord to label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy glitch , that can be a job on a spacious variety of works - indoor and outside . Young scales creeping until they find a good feeding web site . The adult females then misplace their legs and persist on a spot protected by its hard case bed . They appear as bumps , often on the small sides of leaf . They have pierce mouth component that suck in the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Scales can soften a flora precede to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive sinister open fungous growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to contain . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infest . confer with your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual recommendation regarding their ascendence . Encourage natural enemies such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is incur on the surface of leave . It feed on honeydew excrete from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or emmet . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stanch of the plant . The right way to control jet-black mold is to manipulate the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty cast can commonly be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or washed away with a hose - end sprayer .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandlike loam ( cause more George Sand , yet still plenty of organic matter ) or a the Great Compromiser loam ( heavier on the Lucius Clay , yet viable with good drainage . ) The addition of organic issue to either sand or corpse will result in a loamy soil . Still not certain if your soil is a sand , clay , or loam ? try on this simple trial . Squeeze a handfull of more or less moist , not wet , grime in your helping hand . If it forge a taut testis and does not fall asunder when gently tapped with a finger , your soil is more than likely clay . If soil does not form a clump or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very flaxen loam . If soil forms a ball , then crumbles readily when softly tap , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light pat could intend a clay loam . Glossary : Growth BudsPlant stem contain numerous buds that will farm and renew a plant life when stir by pruning . There are three basic character of buds : final , lateral and dormant . Terminal bud are at the bakshis of twig or offset . They grow to make the branch or twig longer . In some cases they may give ascension to a flower . If you cut the tip of a branch and remove the terminal bud , this will encourage the lateral buds to grow into side branches ensue in a thick , bushier plant . Lateral bud are lower down on the twig and are often at the point of leaf attachment . Pruning them encourages the terminal bud , resulting in a long , thin leg . Dormant buds may stay inactive in the bark or stem and will only grow after the plant is rationalise back . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before raw growth begins with a complete fertilizer . gloss : PruningNow is the favorite time to cut this plant life .
