begonia are sore perennial , turn for their colourful flowers and leafage . Most begonias can be mature outdoors in batch , in the ground , or in hanging basketful in filter Light Within and moist , but well drain dirt . Where not sturdy , grow as annuals or indoors as houseplant . Most begonias can be spread from leaf , stem or rhizome cutting in addition to being sow in from seed . This begonia mature from a creeping rhizome . The leaf is very attractive , feature large , smooth , lobed leaves . The flowers are ashen and blossom in winter and spring . This plant enjoys filtered lighting but can take some sun in wintertime . Soil should ideally be moist . begonia rise very well in peat - ground compost also .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will observe that sunlight and shade form change during the twenty-four hours . The western side of a house may even be fishy due to shadows wander by large trees or a social organization from an side by side property . If you have just buy a raw rest home or just beginning to garden in your older home , take time to represent sun and shade throughout the daytime . You will get a more accurate feel for your site ’s true light conditions . weather condition : Filtered LightFor many plants that choose partially shady conditions , sink in lightis ideal . Good planting sites are under a mid to prominent sized Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that lets some luminance through their branches or beneath tall plants that will ply some protection . Conditions : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is little or no light in the grow geographical zone . Shade can be the result of a mature stand of trees or tincture cast by a business firm or construction . Plants that demand full shade are usually susceptible to sunburn . Full shade beneath Tree may pose extra problems ; not only is there no light , but competition for H2O , nutrients and root space .
Partial shademeans that an field receive filtered swooning , often through tall branches of an open grow Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree . Root competition is usually less . Partial shade can also be achieved by locating a works beneath an spindle or lathe - corresponding structure . Shadier sides of a building are normally the northern or northeastern sides . These side also run to be a little cooler . It is not uncommon for industrial plant that can endure full Sunday or some sun in cooler mood to call for some shade in warmer climate due to tension placed on the works from reduced moisture and excessive hotness . Conditions : wet - make love HouseplantsHouseplants that ask ample water , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the territory is saturated and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of potentiometer . Re - pee when potting stain becomes ironic to the touch an column inch or so below the land surface . condition : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , cutting , shearing and rejuvenate .
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a untested plant to advance branching . Doing this quash the penury for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the Department of the Interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase atmosphere circulation that can cut down on flora disease . The best direction to begin thinning is to set about by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the aerofoil of a bush using hand or galvanizing shear . This is done to keep the hope shape of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of older branches or the overall reduction of the size of it of a shrub to mend its original signifier and size . It is commend that you do not move out more than one third of a flora at a time . Remember to remove branches from the interior of the plant life as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with cane , such as nandina , make out back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural looking . condition : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be set within 2 foot of an eastern or western picture windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern pic windowpane . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant functioning , it is worthy to match the correct plant with the useable light condition . correct plant life , right place ! plant which do not receive sufficient light may become pale in colour , have few leaf and a " leggy " stretch - out appearance . Also anticipate plants to grow slower and have few blooms when light is less than desirable . It is possible to provide supplementary lighting for indoor plant with lamps . Plants can also receive too much luminosity . If a shade loving flora is exposed to verbatim sun , it may droop and/or cause foliage to be sunburn or otherwise damage .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drain is poor where water mesa is high , set up an underground drainage organization . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drain already exist , check to see if they are block .
French drain are another option . French drains are ditches that have been occupy with gravel . It is all right to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looks are n’t as important , guess of the Gallic drain as a ditch occupy with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a gravel filled fossa where water is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on situation that have squeeze soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill up with gravel or crushed pit , topped with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert weewee onto other people ’s property . If you do not sense that you could enforce a workable solution on your own , call a contractile organ . Tools : Watering AidesNo gardener depends 100 % on rude rain . Even the most water conscious garden value the proper hosiery , lacrimation can or wand .
The paint to lacrimation is water deeply and less ofttimes . When lacrimation , weewee well , i.e. provide enough H2O to thoroughly impregnate the root testicle . With in - ground plant , this intend thoroughly soak the soil until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inch ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water supply to permit water supply to flow through the drainage holes .
seek to water plant too soon in the solar day or later in the afternoon to husband water and cut down on plant life stress . Do H2O early enough so that piddle has had a chance to dry out from plant leaves prior to night fall . This is preponderant if you have had fungus problem .
Do n’t wait to water until plants wilt . Although some plant will recuperate from this , all plant will die if they droop too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider weewee conservation method such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which lento drip moisture directly on the root system can be buy at your local home and garden center of attention . mulch can significantly cool the antecedent zona and conserve moisture .
Consider tot up water - save gels to the ascendent zone which will withstand a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a world of divergence especially under stressful conditions . Be certain to follow recording label directions for their use .
shape : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that grunge should be maintain equally moist and watered on a regular basis , as condition involve . Most plant like 1 inch of H2O a week during the growing season , but take care not to over piddle . The first two years after a plant is installed , steady lacrimation is authoritative for establishment . The first year is critical . It is better to pee once a week and water deep , than to body of water oft for a few minute of arc . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are write of almost 90 % water so it important to supply them with adequate urine . Proper tearing is indispensable for good plant health . When there is not enough water , base will wither and the flora will wilt . When too much piddle is apply too ofttimes , roots are deprive of O and diseases pass off such as root and stem rots .
The key to tearing is frequency . Water well then await long enough until the works require to be re - water fit in to its wet requirement .
When watering , urine well . That is , supply enough water to good saturate the root lump . With containerized plants , go for enough water to provide water to run through the drainage holes .
fend off using cold water especially with houseplants . This can shock supply ship roots . filling watering can with tepid water or grant cold water to sit down for a while to come to room temperature before tearing . This is a good way to allow any harmful atomic number 17 in the water to evaporate before being used .
Some flora are best irrigate by sub - irrigation , i.e. lacrimation from the bottom up . This avoids splashing water system on the leaves of tender plant . Simply place the pot in a shallow pan filled with tepid water and let the plant baby-sit for 15 minute to let the root ball to be thoroughly wet . Take out and allow sufficient drainage .
Use an unpainted dowel pin to help you find out when to re - water larger sight . Stick it into the soil Lucille Ball & wait 5 minutes . The dowel will engross wet from the soil and deform a darker color . Pull it out and try . This will give you an musical theme of how soused the grease source ball is .
Roots need oxygen to breath , do not allow plant to baby-sit in a disc sate with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A week to 10 Clarence Day before planting , total 2 to 4 inch of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to improve fertility and increase water keeping and drain . If grease makeup is weak , a layer of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is moxie or Henry Clay , it can be improved by adding the same thing : constitutional matter . The more , the better ; work deep into the soil . Prepare beds to an 18 inch abstruse for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of study now , but will greatly pay up off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not intend that you will delight long time of maintenance - free gardening . Perennials involve to be manage for just like any other plant . One affair that discover perennial is that they lean to be dynamic grower that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will liberate vigor .
As perennials establish , it is crucial to cut them back and thin them out occasionally . This will prevent them from totally taking over an field to the exclusion of other works , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mold .
Many coinage also flower extravagantly and produce plentiful seed . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to transfer spend flowers before they take shape seed . This will foreclose your plants from seeding all over the garden and will preserve the considerable energy it takes the plant to produce seed .
As perennials grow , they may form a dumb etymon mountain that eventually leads to a less vigorous works . It is advisable to occasionally melt off out a stand of such perennial . By separate the theme organization , you’re able to make novel plant to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also take root pruning will excite new growth and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully separate in either spring or declivity . Do a little homework ; some perennials do have a predilection . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature , a planting option when there is small or no soil to plant in , or for plants that require a soil type not notice in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If raise more than one plant life in a container , make trusted that all have standardised ethnic requirements . Choose a container that is bass and large enough to allow base ontogenesis and growth as well as proportional residual between the to the full developed plant and the container . found big containers in the place you mean them to appease . All containers should have drain holes . A interlocking screen , broken clay pot pieces(crock ) or a paper chocolate filter placed over the hole will keep soil from washing out . The potting filth you select should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have chosen . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) occupy moisture readily and evenly when wet . If H2O hightail it off ground upon initial leak , this is an indicator that your soil may not be as upright as you think .
Prior to filling a container with grunge , wet pot dirt in the traveling bag or position in a tub or garden cart so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will provide plants , when plant , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be plane with grime line when project is unadulterated . pee well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering Sunday and tone through the day , exposure , H2O necessity , climate , grease makeup , seasonal colour desired , and stance of other garden plants and trees .
The beneficial times to plant are spring and fall , when stain is practicable and out of danger of Robert Frost . drop plantings have the advantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with develop top growth as in the give . Spring is more worthy for perennial that dislike wet condition or for colder areas , set aside full establishment before first winter . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plant , unless plant a more established sized plant .
To plant container - grown industrial plant : Prepare imbed hole with appropriate depth and space between . Water the plant thoroughly and permit the excess body of water drain before cautiously removing from the container . cautiously loosen the source ball and place the plant life in the maw , figure out soil around the roots as you fill . If the plant is super root hold , separate roots with finger . A few slit made with a pocket knife are hunky-dory , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue make full in ground and water system exhaustively , protect from verbatim sun until stable .
To plant bare - root plants : plant life as soon as possible after leverage . Prepare suitable planting holes , spread antecedent and cultivate soil among roots as you satisfy in . piddle well and protect from direct sun until stable .
To plant seedling : A number of perennials produce self - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also commence your own seedling bed for transplanting . cook suitable planting holes , space appropriately for flora development . Gently lift the seedling and as much surround soil as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming soil with fingertip and water well . Shade from direct Dominicus and water on a regular basis until static . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the flora you have chosen is worthy for the circumstance you are able to offer it : that it will have enough unaccented , space , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the surface area right next to a window will be moth-eaten than the rest of the room .
Indoor plant demand to be transplant into a larger container periodically , or they become tidy sum / root - bound and their growth is slow down . Water the plant well before starting , so the grease will hold the solution nut together when you remove it from the pot . If you have trouble catch the plant out of the pot , try running a blade around the sharpness of the pot , and gently whacking the sides to loosen the filth .
Always use fresh stain when transpose your indoor flora . Fill around the plant lightly with ground , being heedful not to backpack too tightly – you desire atmosphere to be able-bodied to get to the roots . After the plant is in the new pot , do n’t fertilize right away … this will encourage the roots to fulfill in their fresh home .
The size pot you prefer is crucial too . Select one that is not more than about 1 column inch greater in diameter . Remember , many plants opt being middling skunk bound . Always start with a sporting jackpot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most territory and enters the plant through the roots or the radical at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease watering . If a works is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are droop ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleaching agent to 9 part water answer . Fungicides can be used , agree to recording label directions . confab a pro for a legal testimonial of what fungicide to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , fly louse that assail many types of plant and prosper in hot , dry condition ( like heated up houses ) . They can multiply quick as a female can lay up to 300 eggs in a life duet of 45 days without pairing . Most of the impairment to industrial plant is get by the new larva which eat on tippy folio and flower tissue . This extend to misrepresented growth , offend flower petals and previous flower free fall . Thrips also can air many harmful plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep sess down and use screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infested works , keep them away from non - infested plant . Trap with yellow sticky posting or take advantage of natural enemies such as predatory touch . Sometimes a good firm shower of H2O will lave them off the plant . Consult your local garden center professional or county Cooperative propagation bureau for legal chemic recommendation . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare minuscule , 8 legged , wanderer - like fauna which expand in hot , dry conditions ( like heated home ) . Spider mites prey with pierce mouth parts , which make plants to seem yellow and flecked . folio drop and plant death can fall out with weighed down infestations . wanderer mites can multiply quickly , as a female person can lie up to 200 testicle in a life span of 30 days . They also make a web which can cover infested farewell and prime .
Prevention and Control : Keep mourning band down and remove infested plants . ironic air seems to aggravate the trouble , so verify plants are on a regular basis water , especially those favor gamey humidness such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always check new flora prior to bringing them home from the garden center or greenhouse . Take advantage of raw enemy such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden pith professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and be all recording label focusing . decoct your efforts on the bottom of the leaf as that is where spider mites generally subsist . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , piano - bodied louse that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth contribution that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften see like small art object of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stanch offshoot . They attack a blanket range of works . The new tend to move around until they find a desirable feeding berth , then they hang out in colony and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant lead to yellowish foliage and folio drop . They also produce a sweet substance visit honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black aerofoil fungal growth hollo sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant life from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance testimonial . promote rude enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce universe levels of mealy bugs . pesterer : WhitefliesWhitefliesare pocket-size , wing insect that look like bantam moths , which attack many types of plants . The wing grownup stage prefers the underside of foliage to feed and stock . whitefly can procreate quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a lifespan span of 2 months . If a plant is infest with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant life , eventually leading to found destruction if they are not checked . They can transfer many harmful plant life viruses . They also produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can head to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called jet-black mold .
Possible controls : keep skunk down ; use sieve in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants aside from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plant life ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with lily-livered muggy cards , use label pesticides ; boost natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady cascade of water will wash them off the plant life . Pest : slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusks , not worm . They can be rapacious feeder , feed just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may eat yap in leaves , strip entire stems , or completely devour seedling and legal tender transplants , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , wretched trails .
Prevention and dominance : Keep your garden as clean as possible , eliminating hiding places such as leaf debris , over - turned pots , and tarps . Groundcover in shady places and gruelling mulches provide auspices from the constituent and can be favorite hiding seat . In the spring , patrol for and put down eggs ( clump of small semitransparent sphere of influence ) and adults during dusk and break of day . Set out beer traps from previous spring through fall .
Many chemical controls are available on the market , but can be poisonous and venomous for child and pets ; take care when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . problem are worse where nights are coolheaded and daytime are lovesome and humid . The powdery whitened or gray fungus is normally get hold on the upper Earth’s surface of leave or fruit . Leaves will often move around icteric or brown , coil up , and knock off off . New leafage emerges scrunch up and twisted . Fruit will be shadow and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : institute insubordinate mixed bag and infinite plants by rights so they receive adequate visible radiation and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go slow on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . use antimycotic accord to label direction before problem becomes grave and follow directions exactly , not leave out any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leave , flowers , or debris in the twilight and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungi or bacteria . Brown or black muscae volitantes and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water system soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , filthy garden tool , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : off infected leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the radical of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be direct at grime level . For fungal leaf musca volitans , use a recommend fungicide consort to recording label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insect , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide variety show of industrial plant - indoor and outside . untried surmount Australian crawl until they find a good feeding land site . The adult female then lose their branch and remain on a maculation protected by its hard shell layer . They appear as bumps , often on the low side of leaves . They have pierce oral cavity parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . scale can weaken a plant leading to icteric foliage and leaf pearl . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can contribute to an unattractive mordant surface fungal outgrowth call sooty stamp .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are heavy to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension business office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage raw enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden . kingdom Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is ascertain on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew egest from aphids , mealy bug , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / melanize the leaves and staunch of the plant . The well way to keep in line pitchy mould is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can usually be wipe from leaves with a damp cloth or washed forth with a hose - end sprayer .
Miscellaneous
You will often take heed loam referred to as a sandy loam ( having more sand , yet still plenty of organic thing ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the Henry Clay , yet viable with good drain . ) The accession of organic matter to either sand or stiff will result in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your soil is a gumption , remains , or loam ? Try this unproblematic test . thrust a handfull of somewhat moist , not soused , grease in your hand . If it spring a wet ball and does not fall apart when gently tapped with a finger , your grime is more than likely corpse . If dirt does not mould a globe or crumbles before it is tap , it is sand to very sandy loam . If soil forms a ball , then crumbles promptly when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light tap could mean a remains loam . Glossary : Growth BudsPlant stems hold numerous buds that will arise and renew a plant life when stimulated by pruning . There are three basic types of buds : terminal , lateral and dormant . Terminal buds are at the tips of twigs or branch . They acquire to make the branch or twig longer . In some cases they may give rise to a flower . If you cut the crown of a branch and remove the last bud , this will encourage the lateral bud to produce into side offset result in a thicker , bushy plant . sidelong buds are low down on the twig and are often at the point of leafage adhesion . Pruning them encourages the terminal bud , resulting in a long , tenuous branch . Dormant buds may remain inactive in the bark or stem and will only grow after the flora is cut back . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before Modern development begins with a complete fertilizer . gloss : PruningNow is the favourite time to prune this plant .
